Chondrodystrophic Dog Breeds: All About Short-Legged Dogs

Dog breeds are classified by their prominent physical characteristics. There are broad classifications, like small breeds and large breeds, which can help pet parents and veterinarians differentiate the sizes between Chihuahuas and Great Danes. However, in addition to these broad size-based classifications, dog breeds with specific common physical characteristics may be further separated into smaller groupings, such as brachycephalic (short-nosed), deep-chested or chondrodystrophic breeds.

Chondrodystrophic dog breeds are characterized by their short legs in comparison to their body size and length. This trait is a primary requirement for the breed standard of numerous dog breeds and is a product of their genetics. The genetics resulting in this body type primarily affect the long bones of dogs. It's due to the growth plates of these bones calcifying earlier in development than other breeds, thus producing shortened bones with a curved appearance. Read on to learn more about which breeds are considered chondrodystrophic and how to care for dogs who fall under this classification.

Types of Chondrodystrophic Breeds

Chondrodystrophic dog breeds are separated into their own group not just because of their short legs, but because they share common notable physical characteristics as well as health concerns. The Dachshund is the classic representative of chondrodystrophic dog breeds. Other popular dog breeds in this group include:

• Pekingeses
• Corgis
• Basset Hounds
• Shih Tzus
• French Bulldogs

Health Concerns for Chondrodystrophic Dog Breeds

As adorable as the chondrodystrophic dog breed is with their short legs, they're no stranger to health concerns. Some concerns include:

• Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): Type I IVDD is common in chondrodystrophic breeds and usually affects young to middle-aged dogs. IVDD in dogs is often characterized by the loss of water and calcification of the disc material that sits between the bones of the back. This can lead to back pain. Signs of this disease tend to occur suddenly. Treatment may involve medications and rest, or in more severe cases, surgery to remove the disc material which is placing pressure on the spinal cord.
• Angular Limb Deformities: Some degree of angular limb deformity is part of what gives these chondrodystrophic dog breeds their distinctive short-legged appearance. This is considered normal for these breeds. But, in some rare cases, surgery may be necessary if the angular limb deformity results in pain.
• Ocular Disorders: Many of the chondrodystrophic breeds are genetically predisposed to ocular disorders, such as cataracts, glaucoma and retinal degeneration. But these conditions can occur in other breeds as well. Genetic tests for some of these conditions are available. Talk to your veterinarian about testing of a prospective new puppy or their parents.