How Cold Is Too Cold for Cats?

Known for their nine lives, cats are pretty hardy. While they've evolved to endure a range of environments over time, cats are better equipped to survive in hot conditions than cold ones (though extreme heat poses risks too).

Cats have a natural coat to protect them from the winter elements. However, as a relatively small animal with little mass compared to a large surface area, this fur coat only shields them so much. Blood vessels near the skin's surface constrict to minimize heat loss, but this doesn't guarantee winter weather immunity.

Generally, most healthy adult cats can handle temperatures dropping to 50 degrees Fahrenheit. When the temperature falls below this, time outside becomes risky. Kittens, senior cats and thin cats are less able to tolerate the cold. Cats with health conditions, such as endocrine disease, heart disease or any chronic illness, are also more susceptible to cold weather's effects.

How Cold Is Too Cold for Outdoor Cats?

There's some truth to the idea that cats acclimated to living outdoors are better suited for colder temperatures. They tend to develop thicker coats, and they're more familiar with shelters to retreat to. Longer-haired and thick-coated breeds, often considered winter cat breeds, are more tolerant of cold weather, such as the Maine Coon and Norwegian Forest Cat.

Still, freezing temperatures combined with wind factor isn't a safe environment for any cat — winter cat breed or seasoned outdoor veteran. No cat should be left outside for long periods in freezing or near-freezing weather.

Perhaps you've heard of frostbite, but what are the signs of hypothermia in cats? Here's what to look for:

• Shivering

• Dilated pupils

• Lethargy

• Difficulty breathing

• Cold ears and paws

• Loss of consciousness

If you notice any of these signs or suspect frostbite, seek veterinary care right away.

Beyond knowing what temperature is too cold for cats, be aware of other concerns that can flare up during the colder months.

Paw Pad Protection

Sure, your cat's feet are made for walking, but can cats walk in snow? For cats who spend time outdoors, cold weather can cause cracked, dry paw pads. Your veterinarian can recommend a safe paw pad moisturizer formulated for cats. Avoid using moisturizers made for humans, which can soften pads and lead to injury.

Rock salt and chemical ice melters can also cause sores and blistering on paw pads. After outdoor time, rinse your cat's paws in warm water to remove chemicals and prevent ingestion.

Aching Joints

While osteoarthritis in cats develops gradually, cold weather may worsen symptoms, including:

• Stiffness when waking or after exercise

• Showing reluctance to jump to previously favored spots

• Hesitating at the base of stairs

• Grating heard or felt in the joints

Your vet can provide your cat with several therapies to relieve osteoarthritis discomfort, including oral medications, injections, supplements, weight control plans and acupuncture.

Outdoor Dangers

Antifreeze is toxic to cats and is often fatal if ingested. In addition to its primary use as an engine coolant, you can also find antifreeze in brake fluid, toilet winterizers, heat exchangers and even portable basketball hoops. The best way to prevent antifreeze ingestion is to keep your cat indoors.

If outdoor cats live in your neighborhood, bang on your car's hood or honk your horn before starting your engine. Outdoor cats often seek refuge near a warm engine or in wheel wells.

Indoor Dangers

Since your home is nice and toasty, you can be lulled into false security thinking your cat is completely insulated from harm. These safety tips can help keep your indoor cat safe during the winter months:

• Provide a warm place away from drafts with a loosely draped blanket your cat can snuggle under.

• Avoid electric heating pads, which can burn delicate skin. Temperature-controlled heated cat beds offer a safer solution. Some are even pressure-sensitive, meaning they only turn on when your cat is using them.

• Never leave a fire unattended, even with a screen. Curious kitties can find a way, and whiskers are quick to singe.

• Mind the thermostat. While most healthy adult cats can safely tolerate 50 °F, this doesn't mean they're comfortable.

What Temperature Do Cats Like?

So, what's the ideal temperature for cats? Some sources estimate the ideal range for cats is as high as 86 °F on the low end. As seekers of warmth in patches of sunshine or your lap, your cat will appreciate a thermostat bump to at least 60 °F.

So, how cold is too cold for cats? In general, temperatures below 50 °F pose health risks. Kittens, senior cats and cats with chronic illnesses may be vulnerable to adverse effects even at 50 °F. Protect your cat from winter hazards by taking preventive measures when temperatures drop. A little consideration goes a long way toward your cat's comfort and safety!