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Despite their reputation as fastidious groomers, cats are susceptible to a variety of skin conditions. Scabs, hair loss and itchy skin in cats are most commonly caused by flea allergies, skin mites, ringworm or environmental and food allergies. Even stress-related overgrooming can lead to cat skin disease.
Skin conditions in cats can range from straightforward to complex, but all can be a source of discomfort for both your cat and you. While a veterinarian's evaluation is essential for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan, it can also help to learn about potential risk factors, signs, and how to support healthy skin for your cat.
Infections and environmental allergens can all affect your cat's skin, potentially making it more susceptible to illness or disease.
Kittens' immune systems take time to develop, making them more vulnerable to common infectious causes of skin disease, such as ringworm or mites. As your kitten grows into adulthood, they may develop allergies, which can lead to dermatitis (inflamed, irritated skin) or a more advanced allergic condition called eosinophilic granuloma complex (a pattern of skin reactions associated with specific lesions).1 Cats of all ages can also experience skin conditions in response to environmental stressors, such as changes in household members.
Generally speaking, young cats, senior cats and outdoor cats are at higher risk for developing skin conditions. Certain breeds are also more likely to develop skin diseases that share a genetic link.
If your cat is suddenly scratching, losing fur or developing a greasy coat, you may be spotting clinical signs of an underlying skin condition. However, a cat's skin can react in highly specific ways to everything from environmental allergens to external parasites.
To help pinpoint what may be disrupting your cat's health, have your vet examine your cat. These are some of the clinical signs they may be looking for.
Scratching or biting at the skin: Compulsive scratching, chewing or licking — especially at the base of the tail, head or neck — is one of the most common signals of a skin condition in cats.
Flaky skin (dandruff): White or gray flakes visible in your cat's coat may be dandruff, which can indicate anything from undercoat buildup to an underlying skin condition.
Greasy skin: An oily coat, particularly along the back, can signal hormonal dysfunction or difficulty grooming due to excess weight.
Hair loss (alopecia): Patches of missing fur, especially when accompanied by redness or scabbing, warrant vet attention.
Sores, bumps or growths: Any new lumps or skin lumps should be evaluated by your vet to rule out infections, abscesses or tumors.
Scabbing: Crusty patches on the skin are a common sign of flea allergy dermatitis, mites or bacterial infection.
Inflamed or thick patches of skin: Red, raised or thickened skin can point to allergic dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex or a fungal infection.
Dirty-looking chin: Dark specks on your cat's chin that resemble dirt may actually be feline acne.
Red bumps or ulcers on the lips: Lesions around the mouth can be associated with eosinophilic granuloma complex or feline acne.
Dark substance in the ears: Gooey brown or black gunk in the ears, often accompanied by head shaking or scratching, can indicate an ear mite infestation.
If you notice any of these signs, consult your vet for advice. They can help you identify the cause of your cat's skin problems and recommend a treatment plan.
Most cat skin diseases stem from external irritants, parasites or underlying allergies.2 Because different diseases can cause similar clinical signs, it's critical to consult your vet for a diagnosis so you can take the right course of action. To help you understand what your vet is looking for during an exam, here are some of the most common conditions your cat may be experiencing.
Fleas can irritate all cats, but cats who are allergic to flea saliva are highly sensitive to flea bites. If your cat has a flea allergy, a single bite can trigger reactions such as red, oozing lesions or raised, itchy bumps that should be evaluated by a vet.3 Cats with flea allergies often bite, chew and scratch themselves compulsively, particularly at the base of the tail and around the neck.
If your cat's chin suddenly looks dirty or if you notice red bumps on their chin or lips, cat acne might be to blame. Acne isn't typically a serious condition, but it still warrants a vet's medical attention. Cleaning your cat's chin, keeping nearby hair brushed and switching to nonporous food dishes (like metal, glass or ceramic) may help alleviate feline acne breakouts.4 For more severe cases, your vet may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics.
Ear mites are highly contagious and especially common in outdoor cats and kittens. Your cat may frequently scratch or shake their head. Ear mite infestations also often cause a dark brown or black substance with the consistency of coffee grounds in the ears.
Skin mites occur all over the body and can result in hair loss, red or bumpy skin lesions and excessive scratching. If you suspect your cat has mites, call your vet right away. Simple, effective treatment can relieve discomfort and prevent skin or ear infections and damage.
Superficial pyoderma is an umbrella term for a skin infection that affects the skin's top layer.5 It can have many causes and is often a secondary infection. Common signs include hair loss and red, moist, tender, scaly or itchy skin. If this condition progresses, it can spread to the skin's deeper layers, referred to as "deep pyoderma." Consult with your vet to identify the best treatment for managing the underlying cause.
Ringworm is a highly contagious fungal infection of the skin, hair and nails that's most often caused by Microsporum canis. The microscopic fungi feed on keratin, a protein found in a cat's tissue, causing localized inflammation. You may notice clinical signs of ringworm like circular patches of hair loss, crusty skin scaling, stubbly fur and scratching.6
If your cat has patches of fur missing and sores on their body, particularly in areas within their reach, this may point to a behavioral concern known as psychogenic alopecia.7 Cats who are prone to stress may groom themselves compulsively, leading to thinning hair and, ultimately, skin infections. Talk to your vet about solutions to help alleviate stress in your cat's environment.
This category of skin conditions is broad, and so is the range of its signs and appearance. If you notice any new swelling or bumps on your cat's skin, schedule an appointment with your vet so they can investigate the cause, including the potential for cancerous tumors and skin lesions.
Keeping your cat’s sensitive skin healthy comes down to a proactive routine of regular grooming, high-quality nutrition and consistent veterinary care. By combining these essential habits, you can protect your cat's skin barrier and catch potential issues early.
Your cat's tongue is covered in tiny, self-grooming tools called papillae, and they do their job well. Still, grooming your cat is important. Brushing your cat removes dirt, oil and loose hair (which can decrease and help the risk of hairballs), and it's the perfect opportunity to give your cat's skin a wellness check. Short-haired cats do well with brushing once or twice a week, while long-haired cats can benefit from daily grooming to prevent tangles and matting. Make the experience pleasant for both you and your cat by choosing brushes and grooming tools they enjoy.
Cat food that supports healthy skin starts with complete and balanced nutrition. If your vet determines your cat has specific nutrient needs, they may recommend a different food, such as a veterinary therapeutic formula.
Attending your cat's regularly scheduled veterinary visits can help get ahead of any issues. They also provide a great opportunity to discuss any concerns or ask about changes in your cat's grooming habits. Of course, if you notice any signs of skin disease or illness, schedule a vet visit right away. The sooner your vet can address the issue, the sooner your cat will feel better.
Even if your cat is a great self-groomer, check their fur and skin for any possible concerns during your daily snuggle sessions. By keeping an eye out for any changes, providing quality, science-backed nutrition and helping out with grooming now and then, you can give your cat the best of the best — which is what they deserve.
Fleas often live in the environment rather than on the cat long-term. If you see scabs, look for evidence of fleas, such as dark specks. Flea allergy dermatitis is possible, as cats that are allergic to flea saliva can react to a single bite. Scabs may also be a result of food allergies, environmental allergies, skin mites, ringworm or bacterial infections. Any time you see scabs, consult your vet, who can perform skin tests and a thorough examination to determine the cause.
If you have any concerns about your cat’s skin, seek veterinary care. You may notice persistent scratching, hair loss, scabs, bumps, red or inflamed skin, or changes in your cat's grooming behavior. Even mild signs can indicate an underlying condition that, left untreated, may worsen or lead to a cat skin infection. Early evaluation leads to faster relief for your cat.
Yes. Food allergies in cats, while uncommon, can cause itchy skin, hair loss, scabs and redness. Commonly reported food allergens in cats include chicken, beef, fish, dairy and eggs. If your vet suspects a food allergy, they will typically recommend a food elimination trial with a veterinary therapeutic food.
Psychogenic alopecia, which is hair loss caused by compulsive, stress-driven grooming, is a recognized behavioral condition in cats. Cats experiencing changes such as new household members, relocation or schedule disruptions may groom themselves to the point of creating bald patches and skin sores. Your vet can help rule out medical causes and recommend environmental modifications to reduce stress.
1 Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Feline Health Center. "Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex." Accessed May 20, 2026. https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/eosinophilic-granuloma-complex.
2 Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Feline Health Center. "Feline Skin Diseases." Accessed May 20, 2026. https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-skin-diseases.
3 Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Feline Health Center. "Flea Allergy." Accessed May 20, 2026. https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/flea-allergy.
4 Brister, Jacqueline. "Feline Acne." Veterinary Partner. Published November 21, 2019. Revised January 4, 2023. https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&catId=102903&id=9405780.
5 Clark, Mitzi D. "Pyoderma in Dogs and Cats." MSD Veterinary Manual Professional Version. Updated October 2025. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/pyoderma/pyoderma-in-dogs-and-cats.
6 Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Feline Health Center. "Ringworm: A Serious but Readily Treatable Affliction." Accessed May 20, 2026. https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/ringworm-serious-readily-treatable-affliction.
7 Calder, Christine D. "Psychogenic Alopecia." Veterinary Partner. Published February 9, 2024. https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=11924460.
Science-backed nutrition tailored for skin and digestive health, packed with clinically proven, immune system supporting antioxidants.
Science-backed nutrition tailored for skin and digestive health, packed with clinically proven, immune system supporting antioxidants.
Science-backed nutrition tailored for skin and digestive health, packed with clinically proven, immune system supporting antioxidants.
Science-backed nutrition tailored for skin and digestive health, packed with clinically proven, immune system supporting antioxidants.
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